{"id":8187,"date":"2023-11-06T08:55:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T13:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/?p=8187"},"modified":"2026-03-16T13:12:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T17:12:15","slug":"a-guide-to-lithium-battery-regulations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/general-news\/a-guide-to-lithium-battery-regulations\/","title":{"rendered":"A Guide to Lithium Battery Regulations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Shipping lithium batteries compliantly can be a complicated task, regulations differ and can be difficult to decipher. Here we have summarized the different types of lithium batteries and the main rules around shipping these batteries. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We have provided a helpful table to display UN numbers and their relevant packing instructions as a quick reference guide. If you are ready to ship your batteries, check out our range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/product\/category\/lithium-battery-packaging\/lithium-battery-packaging-4g-boxes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lithium battery packaging<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>What are lithium batteries? <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For the purpose of this article, we focus on the battery types featured in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/general-news\/what-are-dangerous-goods-regulations-and-how-to-keep-abreast-of-changes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous goods regulations<\/a>, which can be separated into the following two categories:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lithium Metal Batteries and Cells<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Batteries and cells that have lithium metal or lithium compounds as an anode.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">They are non-rechargeable and you will often find lithium metal batteries in devices such as calculators, watches, car key fobs and cameras.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lithium-Ion Batteries and Cells<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These are secondary batteries (rechargeable) where the lithium is only present in an ionic form in the electrolyte. Lithium polymer batteries are also included in this category.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These rechargeable lithium-ion batteries can be found in mobile phones, laptops, tablets, power tools, ebikes and escooters to name a few.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9483\" src=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/C031-Image-electric-bikes-Lithium-battery-LR-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Different stages of a battery lifecycle<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is worth remembering there are different stages in a lithium battery\u2019s lifecycle and these come with different packing instructions. Generally, cells and batteries must be tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Part III Subsection 38.3. There are however, other types of batteries including; prototypes, damaged or defective and waste batteries requiring disposal\/ recycling.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lithium Battery Classification<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lithium batteries are classified in Class 9 \u2013 Miscellaneous dangerous goods as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN 3090, Lithium metal batteries; or<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN 3480, Lithium-ion batteries<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">or, if inside a piece of equipment or packed separately with a piece of equipment to power that equipment as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN 3091, Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment; or<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN 3091, Lithium metal batteries packed with equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN 3481, Lithium-ion batteries contained in equipment; or<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN 3481, Lithium-ion batteries packed with equipment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>UN Number and Packing Instructions <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Below we have provided a summary of UN numbers and their corresponding Packing Instruction for each mode of transport. Shippers must refer to the relevant transport regulations for detailed regulations, including applicable Special Provisions for each UN number.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8190\" src=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/UN-and-PI-lithium-batteries-USA-regs--300x249.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"655\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/UN-and-PI-lithium-batteries-USA-regs--300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/UN-and-PI-lithium-batteries-USA-regs-.png 623w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>It is important to note the prohibitions and restrictions for the transport of lithium batteries by <u>air.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lithium-Ion Batteries UN3480 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lithium-ion cells and Batteries shipped by themselves &#8211; UN3480 (not contained in or packed with equipment) are forbidden for transport as cargo on passenger aircraft. They can be shipped on cargo aircrafts when packed in accordance with Packing Instruction 965.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lithium-Ion Batteries UN3480 Restrictions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lithium-ion Cells and Batteries (UN3480) must be shipped at a state of charge (SoC) not exceeding 30% of their rated capacity. Cells and batteries at a SoC of higher than 30% can only be shipped with the approval of the State of Origin and the State of the Operator, see Special Provision A331.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lithium Metal Batteries UN3090<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lithium Metal Cells and Batteries shipped by themselves &#8211; UN3090 (not contained in or packed with equipment) are forbidden for transport as cargo on passenger aircraft. They can be shipped on cargo aircrafts when packed in accordance with Packing Instruction 968.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Prototype lithium cells and batteries transported by air that have not passed the UN 38.3 Tests<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pre-production prototypes of lithium batteries or cells that have not been tested to the requirements of 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, may be transported on cargo aircraft if approved by the appropriate authorities of the State of Origin and the State of the Operator. Packing Instruction 910 of the Supplement to the Technical Instructions must also be met, see Special Provision A88.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Shipping by air recalled, damaged or non-conforming cells or batteries<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lithium batteries identified by the manufacturer as being defective or damaged, with the potential of producing a dangerous evolution of heat, fire or short circuit are forbidden for air transport. This also applies to lithium cells or batteries installed inside equipment where the device has been recalled because of safety concerns of the cell or battery installed in the device, see Special Provision A154.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Shipping batteries by air for waste or recycling<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Unless approved by the appropriate authority of the State of Origin and the State of the Operator, waste batteries and batteries being shipped for recycling or disposal are forbidden from air transport, see Special Provision A183.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Changes to come<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At the time of writing there are a number of changes which may not necessarily come into effect for some time.\u00a0 UN has agreed to the introduction of new entries:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>UN 3556<\/strong> Vehicle Lithium-ion battery powered<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>UN 3557<\/strong> Vehicle Lithium metal battery powered<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Also, to consider, the introduction of Sodium ion batteries (not to be confused with Lithium-ion) but emerging as new technology that may have improved environmental benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>UN 3551<\/strong> Sodium ion batteries<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>UN 3552<\/strong> Sodium ion batteries contained in equipment or packed with equipment<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>UN 3558<\/strong> Vehicle Sodium ion battery powered<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Whilst the latest UN Model regulations Revision 23 has been published since June this year, the ADR will not introduce these until January 2025.\u00a0 However, Germany has proposed a multilateral agreement M 354 related to <strong>UN 3551<\/strong> and <strong>UN 3552<\/strong>, as yet no other parties have agreed to this.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Longer term, there is work being done by a UN working group to overhaul the classification of Lithium Batteries which amongst many things we hope will make things simpler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There is also a long-standing program at the request of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), ran by SAE known as <strong>SAE G-27<\/strong> Lithium battery packaging performance.\u00a0 A committee with the responsibility to develop packaging standards for the safe transport of Lithium batteries on aircraft.\u00a0 Primarily to address the concerns on lithium batteries that go into thermal runaway and the potential to reintroduce certain battery types back as cargo on passenger aircraft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The next meeting is in November, how soon we can expect to see anything materialize from this is not clear at this stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Adhering to Regulations <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This guide has been produced to provide a quick reference tool for those wishing to find more information about lithium battery transport requirements. It is not a comprehensive list of Dangerous Goods Transport Regulations; shippers must ensure they read the relevant Mode of Transport Regulations and applicable Packing Instructions in full to ensure all transport requirements are met.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>We can guide you in finding the right packaging for your needs. For more information on packaging suitable for Lithium batteries view our range<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/product\/category\/lithium-battery-packaging\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Information correct at time of publishing, 6 November 2023.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Source IATA, CFR-49 &amp; IMDG<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shipping lithium batteries compliantly can be a complicated task, regulations differ and can be difficult to decipher. Here we have summarized the different types of lithium batteries and the main rules around shipping these batteries. We have provided a helpful table to display UN numbers and their relevant packing instructions as a quick reference guide. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1337,1339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-packaging-guidance","category-industry-news-regs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Guide to Lithium Battery Regulations | Air Sea USA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.airseadg.com\/en-us\/general-news\/a-guide-to-lithium-battery-regulations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Guide to Lithium Battery Regulations | Air Sea USA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shipping lithium batteries compliantly can be a complicated task, regulations differ and can be difficult to decipher. Here we have summarized the different types of lithium batteries and the main rules around shipping these batteries. We have provided a helpful table to display UN numbers and their relevant packing instructions as a quick reference guide. 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Here we have summarized the different types of lithium batteries and the main rules around shipping these batteries. We have provided a helpful table to display UN numbers and their relevant packing instructions as a quick reference guide. 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